The Glorious Earthworm

Slimy? Yes. Gross? That depends. Earthworms might lean towards the creepy-crawly side, but they are actually one of the most important critters for organic farming. They are the key element of producing vermicompost, which is a nutritious fertilizer that helps plants grow healthy. It is made up of a mixture of decomposed food waste and worm castings. It is richer in nutrients than any other type of compost, has water-soluble nutrients, and can retain more water than regular soil. It can be mixed into the soil directly or made into a worm tea by steeping in water.

Vermicompost is a big reason why organic soil is so healthy. It provides many different benefits to the soil, to the plant, and to the environment.


The Soil: Vermicompost improves the physical structure of the soil, increases the amount of microbial activity (10-20 times the matter the worm eats!), and retains more water.

The Plant: It adds plant hormones, helps roots grow, and improves crop yield.


The Environment: As mentioned in the blogpost on climate change, the high organic content in the soil reduces green house gases.

Vermicompost is really easy to make. All one needs is red earthworms, Eisenia Fetida, a place to keep them, and any left over scraps of food. Apparently worms can process more than their equivalent of weight in waste everyday!

Completely unappreciated and even considered disgusting, worms are central to organic farming. Because of them the soil can produce plants that flourish and are more resistant to pests and disease. This is a little shout out to them, the creatures under our feet who are doing a lot to help us eat better.

The Impact of the Green Revolution

As we discussed in the previous issue, the Green Revolution was a shift in the way the world did agriculture. Farming in India changed nearly overnight; desi varieties gave away to hybrid seeds from other countries, ox-pulled plows were replaced by tractors, Punjab became a network of of dams and canals, and natural methods became chemical. Now there are very few farmers who remember what life was like before chemicals, even though the Green Revolution occurred only a generation or two ago. We understand the Green Revolution occurred as a response to a critical shortage in food all over the country. And the general consensus is that these chemically driven practices made India self-sufficient. But did it? With the talks of launching a second “Green Revolution” in the central government, we must look at the Green Revolution in terms the impacts now, 40 years later. Yes, there was an increase in yields. But as discussed in the last newsletter, has the pressing issue of food security been resolved? And who has benefited?

The Environment: One could say the most devastating impacts of the Green Revolution have been on the environment. The practices introduced by the Green Revolution are not sustainable, and continue to contribute to environmental degradation. While Punjab is hailed as the bread basket of India, the farmers also bear enormous burdens and have sacrificed much to maintain the high yields. When the high yielding varieties were introduced in the area, they should have come with a disclaimer stating the seeds were only high yielding if and only if they were paired with a lot of chemicals and a lot of water. The fertility of the soil is burned away bit by bit every by over-use of chemicals, water tables of Punjab are significantly lower, and groundwater levels are dropping by 25 to 30 meters ever year. If nothing is done to reverse this trend, desertification is on the horizon in the not-so-distant future. And this only the tip of the iceberg. In addition to loss of fertility and water, chemical agriculture has also lead to decrease in bio-diveristy due to monoculture, topsoil erosion because of a lack of organic matter in the soil, and chemical contamination of drinking water sources. Arguably the Green Revolution was implemented in India for us, the consumer eating vegetables every day. But at the end of the day, is it really for the people that the face of agriculture changed?

The Consumer: You've seen the statistics in the newspaper, in fact there are very few people who don't know that there are links between chemicals and cancer. But we often feel that we have no choice, because chemically grown vegetables are the cheaper option. After the Green Revolution food production became something complicated and corporatized. In the world agrochemical companies are some of the wealthiest in the world, and they have close ties with governments, research centers, and universities to promote the sale of their products. There is a specific reason why chemically grown vegetables are cheaper, and it's not just because of the yields. The amount of money (the taxpayers money) that goes to subsidize these companies and their products is unfathomable. Additionally, we have no idea about the quantity of chemicals that are used to produce our food. To maintain their yields, farmers will put in what they feel is "right, not necessarily the amount actually required. As consumers, we have a right to this sort of information but it is very difficult to monitor. And it is not the fault of the farmers. They need to earn a living, and while they are forced to buy seeds and inputs from big companies they are not given proper training or assistance amongst other things. A TERI study found that we in India eat 40 times more pesticide that an average American.

The Farmer: Perhaps the least known and the most heart breaking are the effects on the farmers. While some farmers benefited from the shift in agricultural practices, small farmers bought into a cycle of debt that has continued for generations. In the beginning, large subsidies were given by the state to lower the costs of both seeds and the additional inputs. However once these subsidies were decreased or removed completely, small farmers were at the mercy of seed and agrochemical companies to maintain their incomes. They lost their land to large farmers, and became contract laborers on land that they had previously owned. Small farmers are poorer than ever, in fact it is in their communities that hunger and malnutrition is at its highest. In the last decade, around 250,000 farmers have committed suicide - triggered by this chemical-induced-debt. And perhaps the most telling of the all in the high rates of cancer in farming communities. When we had traveled to visit I Say Organic's partner farms in Punjab, we were shocked to learn that the main reason the farmers there had converted to organic were because their friends and family members had developed cancer.

Going forward we must rethink the way food is produced. A sustainable system is possible. Perhaps instead of another “Green Revolution” to increase yields, we need to redefine how we think “Green,” and take into consideration the farmer, consumer, and the earth.

For Further Reading: 
www.ifpri.org/pubs/ib/ib11.pdf
http://eksparsh.wordpress.com/2010/06/20/impacts-of-green-revolution-in-india/
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/sainath/article2577635.ece
http://www.indiatribune.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5389:every-12-hours-one-farmer-commits-suicide-in-india&catid=106:magazine
http://livingheritage.org/green-revolution.htm
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/water-table-dips-in-punjab-haryana/379008/1
 

The Environment Series Part 2: Organic Farming and Climate Change

Because of climate change droughts will occur with greater frequency

We can no longer deny the adverse effects of global warming, especially the effect on food security and agriculture. Climate change leads to changes in weather patterns, including increased occurrences of drought, flooding, and insect infestations. This spells out bad news for feeding the world's growing population because crop yields will drop significantly. Ironically, conventional agriculture contributes about 30% of greenhouse gasses, making agriculture a significant contributor to climate change. The bulk of the gasses is not emitted through operating tractors or other machinery, but through the use of petroleum in fertilizers and pesticides. According to an article written by Anna Lappe, synthetic nitrogen fertilizer releases large amounts of nitrous oxide, a primary threat to the ozone layer, into the atmosphere. This may be reason enough to highlight organic agriculture as a powerful tool to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, but there are many other ways that organic farming methods contribute to mitigating the adverse global warming.

NO₂: (nitrous oxide): Because of methods like crop rotation, which alternates the planting of legumes with regular crops, the soil is rich with nitrogen and less escapes to the atmosphere because of the improvement in soil structure. Organic agriculture soil is also more aerated, and have lower free nitrogen concentrations.

CH₄: (methane) Biomass isn't burned, so this gas isn't released into the air. However, some scientists argue that organic farming requires more cows so more methane released. More research is being done in bio gas and composting as a method to lower methane gas.

CO₂: (carbon dioxide) In a study conducted by the Rodale Institute over almost 20 years, finding showed that organic farming promotes carbon sequestering, or the removal of carbon gasses from the atmosphere and storing in the soil. Organic farming is built on the principle of incorporating more organic matter like mulch and manure into the soil, the soil's ability to absorb carbon increases. This means that organic farming fields have the ability to absorb carbon and hold them in the earth, instead of escaping as gasses and depleting the ozone layer. 

Eating organic is more than just healthy. It's a system that can help create global change and help tackle the most pressing issues, including ones as big and seemingly irreversible as climate change.

Resources:

http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/susagri/2010/susagri125.htm

https://www.fibl-shop.org/shop/pdf/mb-1500-climate-change.pdf

http://www.thinkgreenliveclean.com/2010/05/can-organic-farming-end-global-warming/

http://www.compassnaturalmarketing.com/2010/09/17/organic-agriculture-a-cool-solution-to-global-warming/

http://www.rodaleinstitute.org/ob_31

New Recipe: Tabbouleh

Tabbouleh is a very light and refreshing middle eastern dish, perfect as a side salad to any meal. The ingredients and preparation are very simple, and great if you have too much parsley on hand.

Ingredients: 

150 g chopped fresh parsley
50 gm chopped fresh mint
3 ripe tomatoes chopped into bite sized pieces
1 cucumber chopped into bite sized pieces
Juice of 3 lemons
1/4 cup Olive Oil
1/4- 1/2 cup packaged Couscous (tiny semolina pasta)
Salt and Pepper to taste

Directions: 

To prepare the Couscous

1. Follow the directions on the package, but generally a 1/4 cup instant Couscous requires 1/2 cup of water
2. Bring 1/2 of water, salt, a little bit of olive oil, and the juice of 1 lemon to boil
3. Turn the heat off, and add the Couscous
4. Let the Couscous absorb the hot water, fluff with a fork when it is ready

To prepare the Tabbouleh

1. Combine parsley, tomato, mint, cucumber
2. Prepare the dressing of olive oil, lemon juice, salt and pepper
3. Add in the Couscous
4. Pour dressing over the salad and toss

Very light, very healthy, and perfect for summer! Enjoy!

Our Farm to Fork Operations

 This post is maybe long overdue, but we thought it would be great to tell you all about how your produce gets from the farmers in Sirsa, Haryana and Uttrakhand to your table in Delhi.

 1. Our amazing farmers harvest and perform an initial sorting of the vegetables, taking out all the veggies that are not "A" grade. The truck for Delhi is then packed, and sent on its way.

2. The truck arrives in Delhi, and the staff at the warehouse unload the truck










3. We sort the produce again, removing any vegetables that were damaged during transport.










4. Now here is where our customers come in. You place an order with our Call Center Team and let them know what you want in your basket.








5. All the orders are packed according to customer preference

6. All the orders are then put into the delivery van and sent to homes all over south Delhi.









7. And then you get a basket of fresh organic fruits and veggies like this delivered straight to your door! Note: we use blue re-usable plastic crates to minimize packaging and decrease our carbon footprint.








We hope this gives you better insight into how your order happens! Happy Eating!

What's Happening to the Bees?

We want to bring to light an issue associated with industrial agriculture which only a few know about. Here's why it should be a major cause of concern. 

Bees are an integral part of the agricultural ecosystem. They are the main pollinators, and without them fruit and vegetable plants would not be able to reproduce. Without bees the ecosystem collapses and food yields drop. We absolutely depend on these little creatures to sustain ourselves.

In the last decade there has been a sharp decrease in the bee population, for no apparent reason. Populations have plummeted in the United States, and also places closer to home like Bihar. This phenomenon, known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), is when worker bees from a colony abruptly disappear. Scientists have done their best to pinpoint the cause. Possible factors have been attributed to global warming, even cell phone radiation. But various recent studies have suggested that a main cause can be pesticides.

Neonicotinoids are a chemical developed as an alternative to DDT, but in reality is much more toxic. Bees eat the toxins from the nectar and pollen, and consequently their immune system is weakened and unable to fight off disease. Pesticides are meant to get rid of bad insects, but they are destroying the insects the earth needs. But moreover, if this is the effect that pesticides have on bees, what can that mean for other animals? For humans? Each pesticide is a dose of a toxin. Built up over time these doses wreck havoc on the environment and on living things.

This is a famous quote attributed to Einstein: “If the bee disappears from the surface of the earth, man would have no more than four years to live.” While there is debate as to whether or not Einstein is the one who uttered this quote, one cannot deny the seriousness of colony collapse. And while there is still no way to link this issue to one root cause, pesticides are certainly a good contender.

It seems better to just not use chemicals, specially when there are effective alternatives. In order to solve these issues, every little step counts. We promote organic so that we can eat in a way that is sustainable and conscious. Your desire to eat organic matters, and makes a huge difference in the big picture!

So How Do I Know It's Organic?

There is lot of concern about whether our food is really what it says it is. We read about scary things in the papers all the time about our food being diluted, added to, or just being fake! Let's talk a little about organic certification and how the process of maintaining the integrity of organic produce works.

Organic Certification is a stringent process and marks a commitment from the farmer to grow only organic produce. There are many factors that go into the certification process, such as quality of the soil, how long the farmer has been growing chemical-free, if the natural fertilizers and pesticides are safe to use, the quality of the water, and others.

The Standards:

• All the crop production and animal husbandry on a farm must be chemical-free for three years before it can be certified.
• Farms that are under the three year mark are labeled as in-conversion
• All seeds and plant material should be chemical-free, not genetically modified, and no hormones or additives
• Organic farm land must have a buffer zone/ area between it and conventional farms to prevent contamination by run-off from conventional fields.
• All farming practices must promote bio-diversity and be ecologically sound
• Raw animal manure must be composted first
• Farms cannot be contaminated by sewage water (very big plus point of organic)

Farms are checked regularly to ensure all standards are being met. Any foul play leads to immediate suspension or revocation of the certificate. False claims regarding the produce are monitored and fined. Our certification is done by Control Union. We would be happy to provide a copy of our certification at any point upon request. 

NPOP India Organic Logo

Happy Eating, 

I Say Organic

Resources: www.apeda.gov.in

The Dirt On Organic Farming

With our launch we thought that it would be great for our first blog post to describe how exactly organic farming works. We hear the word organic everywhere, but what does it really mean? If farmers are not using chemical pesticides and fertilizers to grow produce, then how are they keeping pests from eating everything?

Organic farming might seem like a return to the basics, but its actually a dynamic and innovative field that is constantly changing and growing. New technologies and scientific practices are being implemented to produce the best nature can provide. Farmers and scientists put a lot of care and creativity into developing the perfect environment for fruits and vegetables to grow in. Here's a look at a few of common practices of organic farming.

Maintaing soil quality: The most important aspect of organic farming is growing produce in nutrient rich soil. The nutrition component of soil dictates the quality of the fruit or vegetable. After all, healthy roots create the foundation for a healthy plant. Balancing out and building healthy soil are done a few ways.

1. Animal manure and compost: Manure and compost help improve the structure and ability of soil to retain water and nutrients. Fertilizer supplies nutrients like phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium that provide plants the nourishment that they need without toxic chemical byproducts. All you need are a few farmyard animals.
   
   
2. Vermicompost: Red earthworms break down bio matter and their waste products improve the physical structure of soil, improve water retention capabilities, and enrich the soil with micro-organisms. Also, vermicompost releases nutrients as the plants need them, so there is no danger of giving over- fertilizing and “burning” plants.
   
   
3. Crop Rotation: Crop rotation is something farmers have been doing for centuries to replenish soil nutrition after a growing season. Alternating crops with legumes (daals, beans, peanuts) reintroduces nitrogen because of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the plant's roots. Through this process the soil is revitalized and ready for the next season.
   
   

Improving biodiversity: The farm is an ecosystem, with many different components interacting with one another. Organic farms are designed to increase the beneficial interactions between different plants and animals. For example, marigolds, which are so widely used in India are actually a natural weed killer and deter insects with their unique odor and planting mint next to cabbage keeps away cabbage moths. Broccoli grows really well with beets, but is incompatible with tomatoes. Understanding all the unique relationships between different plants and animals helps bring out the best in nature, and gives us the best tasting most nutritious produce.

Keeping pests away: Using special flowers and plant combinations helps with keeping bugs away, but for the most determined critters farmers make their own natural pesticides. Neem, which can be used to clean teeth, is concentrated into a spray which is then spritzed on plants for protection.

Growing organic is far from a simple process, and the way food is grown has a huge impact on how healthy it is! Great produce starts from the way it is grown, from the seed to fruit or vegetable which ends up on our table.

We hope you enjoyed our first blogpost. Stay tuned for more updates, recipes, and information about our partner farms and company.

Your Partner in Health,

I Say Organic